Sun Zi – The Art of War

Chinese strategy explained : know yourself and the ennemy, use deception, spies, and "win with ease". Tr. Giles (en, annotated) and Amiot (fr).

Introduction
I. Laying Plans
II. Waging War
III. Attack by Stratagem
IV. Tactical Dispositions

V. Energy
VI. Weak Points and Strong
VII. Maneuvering
VIII. Variation in Tactics
IX. The Army On The March

X. Terrain
XI. The Nine Situations
XII. The Attack By Fire
XIII. The Use of Spies

Terrain

Only about a third of the chapter, comprising ss. ss. 1-13, deals with "terrain," the subject being more fully treated in ch. XI. The "six calamities" are discussed in SS. 14-20, and the rest of the chapter is again a mere string of desultory remarks, though not less interesting, perhaps, on that account.

Sunzi X. 13.

When the general is weak and without authority; when his orders are not clear and distinct;1 when there are no fixes duties assigned to officers and men,2 and the ranks are formed in a slovenly haphazard manner, the result is utter DISORGANIZATION.

1. Wei Liao Tzu (ch. 4) says: "If the commander gives his orders with decision, the soldiers will not wait to hear them twice; if his moves are made without vacillation, the soldiers will not be in two minds about doing their duty." General Baden- Powell says, italicizing the words: "The secret of getting successful work out of your trained men lies in one nutshell–in the clearness of the instructions they receive." ["Aids to Scouting," p. xii.] Cf. also Wu Tzu ch. 3: "the most fatal defect in a military leader is difference; the worst calamities that befall an army arise from hesitation."

2. Tu Mu says: "Neither officers nor men have any regular routine."

Giles X.18.

Si un général est pusillanime, il n'aura pas les sentiments d'honneur qui conviennent à une personne de son rang, il manquera du talent essentiel de donner de l'ardeur aux troupes ; il ralentira leur courage dans le temps qu'il faudrait le ranimer ; il ne saura ni les instruire ni les dresser à propos ; il ne croira jamais devoir compter sur les lumières, la valeur et l'habileté des officiers qui lui sont soumis, les officiers eux-mêmes ne sauront à quoi s'en tenir ; il fera faire mille fausses démarches à ses troupes, qu'il voudra disposer tantôt d'une façon et tantôt d'une autre, sans suivre aucun système, sans aucune méthode ; il hésitera sur tout, il ne se décidera sur rien, partout il ne verra que des sujets de crainte ; et alors le désordre, et un désordre général, régnera dans son armée.

Amiot

Sun Zi X. 13.