Sun Zi – The Art of War

Chinese strategy explained : know yourself and the ennemy, use deception, spies, and "win with ease". Tr. Giles (en, annotated) and Amiot (fr).

Introduction
I. Laying Plans
II. Waging War
III. Attack by Stratagem
IV. Tactical Dispositions

V. Energy
VI. Weak Points and Strong
VII. Maneuvering
VIII. Variation in Tactics
IX. The Army On The March

X. Terrain
XI. The Nine Situations
XII. The Attack By Fire
XIII. The Use of Spies

Tactical Dispositions

Ts`ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other's condition." Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered. Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory,; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat." Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."

Sunzi IV. 5.

Security against defeat implies defensive tactics; ability to defeat the enemy means taking the offensive.1

Standing on the defensive indicates insufficient strength; attacking, a superabundance of strength.

1. I retain the sense found in a similar passage in ss. 1-3, in spite of the fact that the commentators are all against me. The meaning they give, "He who cannot conquer takes the defensive," is plausible enough.

Giles IV.5,6.

L'invincibilité se trouve dans la défense, la possibilité de victoire dans l'attaque. Celui qui se défend montre que sa force est inadéquate, celui qui attaque qu'elle est abondante. L'art de se tenir à propos sur la défensive ne le cède point à celui de combattre avec succès.

Amiot

Sun Zi IV. 5.