Sun Zi – The Art of War

Chinese strategy explained : know yourself and the ennemy, use deception, spies, and "win with ease". Tr. Giles (en, annotated) and Amiot (fr).

Introduction
I. Laying Plans
II. Waging War
III. Attack by Stratagem
IV. Tactical Dispositions

V. Energy
VI. Weak Points and Strong
VII. Maneuvering
VIII. Variation in Tactics
IX. The Army On The March

X. Terrain
XI. The Nine Situations
XII. The Attack By Fire
XIII. The Use of Spies

Tactical Dispositions

Ts`ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other's condition." Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered. Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory,; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat." Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."

Sunzi IV. 7.

To see victory only when it is within the ken of the common herd is not the acme of excellence.1

Neither is it the acme of excellence if you fight and conquer and the whole Empire says, "Well done!"2

1. As Ts`ao Kung remarks, "the thing is to see the plant before it has germinated," to foresee the event before the action has begun. Li Ch`uan alludes to the story of Han Hsin who, when about to attack the vastly superior army of Chao, which was strongly entrenched in the city of Ch`eng-an, said to his officers: "Gentlemen, we are going to annihilate the enemy, and shall meet again at dinner." The officers hardly took his words seriously, and gave a very dubious assent. But Han Hsin had already worked out in his mind the details of a clever stratagem, whereby, as he foresaw, he was able to capture the city and inflict a crushing defeat on his adversary."

2. True excellence being, as Tu Mu says: "To plan secretly, to move surreptitiously, to foil the enemy's intentions and balk his schemes, so that at last the day may be won without shedding a drop of blood." Sun Tzu reserves his approbation for things that "the world's coarse thumb And finger fail to plumb."

Giles IV.8,9.

Savoir l'art de vaincre comme ceux qui ont fourni cette même carrière avec honneur, c'est précisément où vous devez tendre ; vouloir l'emporter sur tous, et chercher à raffiner dans les choses militaires, c'est risquer de ne pas égaler les grands maîtres, c'est s'exposer même à rester infiniment au-dessous d'eux, car c'est ici où ce qui est au-dessus du bon n'est pas bon lui-même. Remporter des victoires par le moyen des combats a été regardé de tous temps par l'Univers entier comme quelque chose de bon, mais j'ose vous le dire, c'est encore ici où ce qui est au-dessus du bon est souvent pire que le mauvais. Prédire une victoire que l'homme ordinaire peut prévoir, et être appelé universellement expert, n'est pas le faîte de l'habileté guerrière.

Amiot

Sun Zi IV. 7.