Sun Zi – L'Art de la guerre

La stratégie chinoise ou comment s'informer, estimer, diviser, détourner, tromper, et vaincre « sans coup férir ». Tr. Amiot (fr) et Giles (en).

Introduction
I. De l'évaluation
II. De l'engagement
III. Des propositions de la victoire et de la défaite
IV. De la mesure dans la disposition des moyens
V. De la contenance
VI. Du plein et du vide

VII. De l'affrontement direct et indirect
VIII. Des neuf changements
IX. De la distribution des moyens
X. De la topologie
XI. Des neufs sortes de terrain
XII. De l'art d'attaquer par le feu
XIII. De la concorde et de la discorde

Des propositions de la victoire et de la défaite

Sunzi III. 4.

N'y consentez que si aucune autre solution ne peut être mise à exécution. Il faut au moins trois mois pour préparer les chariots parés pour le combat, les armes nécessaires et l'équipement, et encore trois mois pour construire des talus le long des murs. Si vous êtes contraint de faire le siège d'une place et de la réduire, disposez de telle sorte vos chars, vos boucliers et toutes les machines nécessaires pour monter à l'assaut, que tout soit en bon état lorsqu'il sera temps de l'employer. Faites en sorte surtout que la reddition de la place ne soit pas prolongée au-delà de trois mois. Si, ce terme expiré, vous n'êtes pas encore venu à bout de vos fins, sûrement il y aura eu quelques fautes de votre part ; n'oubliez rien pour les réparer.

Amiot

The rule is, not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided.1 The preparation of mantlets, movable shelters, and various implements of war, will take up three whole months;2 and the piling up of mounds over against the walls will take three months more.3

1. Another sound piece of military theory. Had the Boers acted upon it in 1899, and refrained from dissipating their strength before Kimberley, Mafeking, or even Ladysmith, it is more than probable that they would have been masters of the situation before the British were ready seriously to oppose them.

2. It is not quite clear what the Chinese word, here translated as "mantlets", described. Ts`ao Kung simply defines them as "large shields," but we get a better idea of them from Li Ch`uan, who says they were to protect the heads of those who were assaulting the city walls at close quarters. This seems to suggest a sort of Roman TESTUDO, ready made. Tu Mu says they were wheeled vehicles used in repelling attacks, but this is denied by Ch`en Hao. See supra II.14. The name is also applied to turrets on city walls. Of the "movable shelters" we get a fairly clear description from several commentators. They were wooden missile-proof structures on four wheels, propelled from within, covered over with raw hides, and used in sieges to convey parties of men to and from the walls, for the purpose of filling up the encircling moat with earth. Tu Mu adds that they are now called "wooden donkeys."

3. These were great mounds or ramparts of earth heaped up to the level of the enemy's walls in order to discover the weak points in the defense, and also to destroy the fortified turrets mentioned in the preceding note.

Giles III.4.

Sun Zi III. 4.