孫 子 兵 法 Sun Zi – L'Art de la guerre

La stratégie chinoise ou comment s'informer, estimer, diviser, détourner, tromper, et vaincre « sans coup férir ». Tr. Amiot (fr) et Giles (en).

Introduction
I. De l'évaluation
II. De l'engagement
III. Des propositions de la victoire et de la défaite
IV. De la mesure dans la disposition des moyens
V. De la contenance
VI. Du plein et du vide

VII. De l'affrontement direct et indirect
VIII. Des neuf changements
IX. De la distribution des moyens
X. De la topologie
XI. Des neufs sortes de terrain
XII. De l'art d'attaquer par le feu
XIII. De la concorde et de la discorde

地形第十

De la topologie

Sunzi X. 6.


	若敵先居之引而去之勿從也	險形者我先居之必居高陽以待敵

Recherchez un lieu dans lequel il y aurait une montagne assez haute pour vous défendre de toute surprise, où l'on pourrait arriver et d'où l'on pourrait sortir par plusieurs chemins qui vous seraient parfaitement connus, où les vivres seraient en abondance, où les eaux ne sauraient manquer, où l'air serait salubre et le terrain assez uni ; un tel lieu doit faire l'objet de vos plus ardentes recherches. Mais soit que vous vouliez vous emparer de quelque campement avantageux, soit que vous cherchiez à éviter des lieux dangereux ou peu commodes, usez d'une extrême diligence, persuadé que l'ennemi a le même objet que vous. Si votre rival vous a prévenu, et qu'il ait pris son camp dans le lieu où vous auriez dû prendre le vôtre, c'est-à-dire dans le lieu le plus avantageux, ne vous amusez point à vouloir l'en déloger en employant les stratagèmes communs ; vous travailleriez inutilement.

Amiot

With regard to PRECIPITOUS HEIGHTS, if you are beforehand with your adversary, you should occupy the raised and sunny spots, and there wait for him to come up.1

If the enemy has occupied them before you, do not follow him, but retreat and try to entice him away.2

1. Ts`ao Kung says: "The particular advantage of securing heights and defiles is that your actions cannot then be dictated by the enemy." [For the enunciation of the grand principle alluded to, see VI. ss. 2]. Chang Yu tells the following anecdote of P`ei Hsing-chien (A.D. 619-682), who was sent on a punitive expedition against the Turkic tribes. "At night he pitched his camp as usual, and it had already been completely fortified by wall and ditch, when suddenly he gave orders that the army should shift its quarters to a hill near by. This was highly displeasing to his officers, who protested loudly against the extra fatigue which it would entail on the men. P`ei Hsing- chien, however, paid no heed to their remonstrances and had the camp moved as quickly as possible. The same night, a terrific storm came on, which flooded their former place of encampment to the depth of over twelve feet. The recalcitrant officers were amazed at the sight, and owned that they had been in the wrong. 'How did you know what was going to happen?' they asked. P`ei Hsing-chien replied: 'From this time forward be content to obey orders without asking unnecessary questions.' From this it may be seen," Chang Yu continues, "that high and sunny places are advantageous not only for fighting, but also because they are immune from disastrous floods."

2. The turning point of Li Shih-min's campaign in 621 A.D. against the two rebels, Tou Chien-te, King of Hsia, and Wang Shih-ch`ung, Prince of Cheng, was his seizure of the heights of Wu-lao, in spike of which Tou Chien-te persisted in his attempt to relieve his ally in Lo-yang, was defeated and taken prisoner. See CHIU T`ANG, ch. 2, fol. 5 verso, and also ch. 54.

Giles X.10,11.

Sun Zi X. 6.