A recently uncovered notebook of 36 proverbs commented as military tactics that helps dealing with conflicts. Tr. Verstappen (en), Doc Mac Jr (fr).
19. Steal The Firewood From Under the Pot
20. Trouble The Water To Catch The Fish
21. Shed Your Skin Like the Golden Cicada
22. Shut the Door to Catch the Thief
23. Befriend a Distant Enemy to Attack One Nearby
24. Borrow the Road to Conquer Guo
Borrow the Road to Conquer Guo
Borrow the resources of an ally to attack a common enemy. Once the enemy is defeated, use those resources to turn on the ally that lent you them in the first place.
Spring and Autumn Period China
The small states of Yu and Guo bordered the larger state of Jin. Duke Xian of Jin desired to conquer both states. This desire was not unknown to the two smaller states and both had taken steps to defend their borders with Jin. The duke's general, Xun Xi, suggested they make a roundabout attack at Guo through the state of Yu to catch them by surprise. General Xun suggested that since the duke of Yu was a greedy man he could be bribed with gifts of jade and horses in exchange for safe passage through his territory. Duke Xian objected to the idea of giving away so much treasure and asked: "What if the duke of Yu accepts our gifts but refuses us passage?" but general Xun replied: "If he doesn't intend to let us through, then he wouldn't accept them, but if he does accept the gifts, and he does let us through, then it will only mean that the treasure is stored temporarily in his storehouse rather than ours."
When the bribe was sent to the duke of Yu one of his ministers, Gong Ziqi, cautioned against accepting them saying: "Yu is to Guo, like lips are to teeth. Our ancestors had a saying; `If the lips are gone, the teeth will be exposed to cold'. That Guo is able to exist depends on Yu while Yu's ability to survive hinges on Guo. If we make way for Jin, then the day will see Guo perish in the morning to be followed by Yu in the evening. Why should we ever let Jin pass?" The duke of Yu, however, refused to listen to this advice. Jin was given safe passage and succeeded in conquering Guo. On their way back they stopped to conquered Yu. After taking the Yu capital and recovering the treasure, general Xun returned the jade and horses to the duke. Duke Xian was pleased and said in good humor "The jade is untouched but the horses seem to have gained some more teeth!"
Verstappen
« Demander passage pour attaquer Guo »
Aide le faible lorsqu'il ne peut vaincre sans aide.
De simples mots ne le sauveront pas ;
l'action parle plus fort que les mots.
Un petit état se trouve coincé entre deux voisins puissants. Si l'un d'eux essaie de l'amener à se soumettre, l'autre sera capable d'en prendre le contrôle sous prétexte de l'aider.
Celui qui parle n'est pas entendu.*
La bataille dont est tirée cette stratégie eut lieu durant la période « Printemps et Automne », quand la guerre avait évolué d'un sport saisonnier pour les nobles en une technique conçue pour gagner pouvoir et ressources. Dans l'intention d'annexer Yu et Guo, deux petits voisins, le puissant Etat de Jin demanda d'abord un passage à Yu pour attaquer Guo. Après la conquête de Guo, les troupes de Jin attaquèrent et détruisirent Yu.
Cette stratégie indique que l'on doit adopter des solutions au coup par coup quand on est confronté avec plus d'un seul adversaire. Même un état très puissant ne peut se permettre de mener deux guerres de front. A l'heure de dresser des plans de conquête, il ne faut choisir qu'un adversaire à la fois. On pourra attaquer un voisin tout en maintenant de bonnes relations avec les Etats lointains, comme dans la stratégie précédente, on pourra aussi demander un passage à un Etat voisin pour en attaquer un distant.
* Texte de l'hexagramme n°47 du Yi Jing : Kun (l'épuisement)... Pris dans une situation défavorable, il faut améliorer son sort en passant à l'action car les mots seront sans effet.
Doc Mac Jr
Thirty–Six Strategies – 36 Ji IV. 24. – Chinese off/on – Français/English
AliasThirty-Six Strategies, Thirty-Six Stratagems, Secret Art of War, Les 36 stratagèmes, Les Trente-six stratégies
The Book of Odes, The Analects, Great Learning, Doctrine of the Mean, Three-characters book, The Book of Changes, The Way and its Power, 300 Tang Poems, The Art of War, Thirty-Six Strategies
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