The Art of War - Sun Zi XIII. 1.

Sun Zi

– The Art of War

Chinese strategy explained : know yourself and the ennemy, use deception, spies, and "win with ease". Tr. Giles (en, annotated) and Amiot (fr).

Sunzi XIII. 1.

Sun Tzu said: Raising a host of a hundred thousand men and marching them great distances entails heavy loss on the people and a drain on the resources of the State. The daily expenditure will amount to a thousand ounces of silver.1 There will be commotion at home and abroad, and men will drop down exhausted on the highways.2 As many as seven hundred thousand families will be impeded in their labor.3

1. Cf. II. ss. ss. 1, 13, 14.

2. Cf. TAO TE CHING, ch. 30: "Where troops have been quartered, brambles and thorns spring up. Chang Yu has the note: "We may be reminded of the saying: 'On serious ground, gather in plunder.' Why then should carriage and transportation cause exhaustion on the highways?–The answer is, that not victuals alone, but all sorts of munitions of war have to be conveyed to the army. Besides, the injunction to 'forage on the enemy' only means that when an army is deeply engaged in hostile territory, scarcity of food must be provided against. Hence, without being solely dependent on the enemy for corn, we must forage in order that there may be an uninterrupted flow of supplies. Then, again, there are places like salt deserts where provisions being unobtainable, supplies from home cannot be dispensed with."

3. Mei Yao-ch`en says: "Men will be lacking at the plough- tail." The allusion is to the system of dividing land into nine parts, each consisting of about 15 acres, the plot in the center being cultivated on behalf of the State by the tenants of the other eight. It was here also, so Tu Mu tells us, that their cottages were built and a well sunk, to be used by all in common. [See II. ss. 12, note.] In time of war, one of the families had to serve in the army, while the other seven contributed to its support. Thus, by a levy of 100,000 men (reckoning one able- bodied soldier to each family) the husbandry of 700,000 families would be affected.

Giles XIII.1.

Sun Tzu dit : Si, ayant sur pied une armée de cent mille hommes, vous devez la conduire jusqu'à la distance de cent lieues, il faut compter qu'au-dehors, comme au-dedans, tout sera en mouvement et en rumeur. Les villes et les villages dont vous aurez tiré les hommes qui composent vos troupes ; les hameaux et les campagnes dont vous aurez tiré vos provisions et tout l'attirail de ceux qui doivent les conduire ; les chemins remplis de gens qui vont et viennent, tout cela ne saurait arriver qu'il n'y ait bien des familles dans la désolation, bien des terres incultes, et bien des dépenses pour État. Sept cent mille familles dépourvues de leurs chefs ou de leurs soutiens se trouvent tout à coup hors d'état de vaquer à leurs travaux ordinaires. Les terres privées d'un pareil nombre de ceux qui les faisaient valoir diminuent, en proportion des soins qu'on leur refuse, la quantité comme la qualité de leurs productions. Les appointements de tant d'officiers, la paie journalière de tant de soldats et l'entretien de tout le monde creusent peu à peu les greniers et les coffres du prince comme ceux du peuple, et ne sauraient manquer de les épuiser bientôt.

Amiot