Sun Zi – The Art of War

Chinese strategy explained : know yourself and the ennemy, use deception, spies, and "win with ease". Tr. Giles (en, annotated) and Amiot (fr).

Introduction
I. Laying Plans
II. Waging War
III. Attack by Stratagem
IV. Tactical Dispositions

V. Energy
VI. Weak Points and Strong
VII. Maneuvering
VIII. Variation in Tactics
IX. The Army On The March

X. Terrain
XI. The Nine Situations
XII. The Attack By Fire
XIII. The Use of Spies

Terrain

Only about a third of the chapter, comprising ss. ss. 1-13, deals with "terrain," the subject being more fully treated in ch. XI. The "six calamities" are discussed in SS. 14-20, and the rest of the chapter is again a mere string of desultory remarks, though not less interesting, perhaps, on that account.

Sunzi X. 11.

When the common soldiers are too strong and their officers too weak, the result is INSUBORDINATION.1 When the officers are too strong and the common soldiers too weak, the result is COLLAPSE.2

1. Tu Mu cites the unhappy case of T`ien Pu [HSIN T`ANG SHU, ch. 148], who was sent to Wei in 821 A.D. with orders to lead an army against Wang T`ing-ts`ou. But the whole time he was in command, his soldiers treated him with the utmost contempt, and openly flouted his authority by riding about the camp on donkeys, several thousands at a time. T`ien Pu was powerless to put a stop to this conduct, and when, after some months had passed, he made an attempt to engage the enemy, his troops turned tail and dispersed in every direction. After that, the unfortunate man committed suicide by cutting his throat.

2. Ts`ao Kung says: "The officers are energetic and want to press on, the common soldiers are feeble and suddenly collapse."

Giles X.16.

Dans quelque position que vous puissiez être, si pendant que vos soldats sont forts et pleins de valeur, vos officiers sont faibles et lâches, votre armée ne saurait manquer d'avoir le dessous ; si, au contraire, la force et la valeur se trouve uniquement renfermées dans les officiers, tandis que la faiblesse et la lâcheté domineront dans le cœur des soldats, votre armée sera bientôt en déroute. Car les soldats pleins de courage et de valeur ne voudront pas se déshonorer ; ils ne voudront jamais que ce que des officiers lâches et timides ne sauraient leur accorder, de même des officiers vaillants et intrépides seront à coup sûr mal obéis par des soldats timides et poltrons.

Amiot

Sun Zi X. 11.