孫 子 兵 法 Sun Zi – The Art of War

Chinese strategy explained : know yourself and the ennemy, use deception, spies, and "win with ease". Tr. Giles (en, annotated) and Amiot (fr).

Introduction
I. Laying Plans
II. Waging War
III. Attack by Stratagem
IV. Tactical Dispositions

V. Energy
VI. Weak Points and Strong
VII. Maneuvering
VIII. Variation in Tactics
IX. The Army On The March

X. Terrain
XI. The Nine Situations
XII. The Attack By Fire
XIII. The Use of Spies

軍爭第七

Maneuvering

Sunzi VII. 2.


	以迂為直以患為利	軍爭之難者

After that, comes tactical maneuvering, than which there is nothing more difficult.1 The difficulty of tactical maneuvering consists in turning the devious into the direct, and misfortune into gain.2

1. I have departed slightly from the traditional interpretation of Ts`ao Kung, who says: "From the time of receiving the sovereign's instructions until our encampment over against the enemy, the tactics to be pursued are most difficult." It seems to me that the tactics or maneuvers can hardly be said to begin until the army has sallied forth and encamped, and Ch`ien Hao's note gives color to this view: "For levying, concentrating, harmonizing and entrenching an army, there are plenty of old rules which will serve. The real difficulty comes when we engage in tactical operations." Tu Yu also observes that "the great difficulty is to be beforehand with the enemy in seizing favorable position."

2. This sentence contains one of those highly condensed and somewhat enigmatical expressions of which Sun Tzu is so fond. This is how it is explained by Ts`ao Kung: "Make it appear that you are a long way off, then cover the distance rapidly and arrive on the scene before your opponent." Tu Mu says: "Hoodwink the enemy, so that he may be remiss and leisurely while you are dashing along with utmost speed." Ho Shih gives a slightly different turn: "Although you may have difficult ground to traverse and natural obstacles to encounter this is a drawback which can be turned into actual advantage by celerity of movement." Signal examples of this saying are afforded by the two famous passages across the Alps–that of Hannibal, which laid Italy at his mercy, and that of Napoleon two thousand years later, which resulted in the great victory of Marengo.

Giles VII.3.

Les troupes une fois campées, il faut tourner ses vues du côté du près et du loin, des avantages et des pertes, du travail et du repos, de la diligence et de la lenteur. C'est-à-dire qu'il faut rendre près ce qui est loin, tirer profit de ses pertes même, substituer un utile travail à un honteux repos, convertir la lenteur en diligence ; il faut que vous soyez près lorsque l'ennemi vous croit bien loin ; que vous ayez un avantage réel lorsque l'ennemi croit vous avoir occasionné quelques pertes ; que vous soyez occupé de quelque utile travail lorsqu'il vous croit enseveli dans le repos, et que vous usiez de toute sorte de diligence lorsqu'il ne croit apercevoir dans vous que de la lenteur : c'est ainsi qu'en lui donnant le change, vous l'endormirez lui-même pour pouvoir l'attaquer lorsqu'il y pensera le moins, et sans qu'il ait le temps de se reconnaître.

Amiot

Sun Zi VII. 2.