Sun Zi – The Art of War

Chinese strategy explained : know yourself and the ennemy, use deception, spies, and "win with ease". Tr. Giles (en, annotated) and Amiot (fr).

Introduction
I. Laying Plans
II. Waging War
III. Attack by Stratagem
IV. Tactical Dispositions

V. Energy
VI. Weak Points and Strong
VII. Maneuvering
VIII. Variation in Tactics
IX. The Army On The March

X. Terrain
XI. The Nine Situations
XII. The Attack By Fire
XIII. The Use of Spies

Maneuvering

Sunzi VII. 6.

Thus, if you order your men to roll up their buff-coats, and make forced marches without halting day or night, covering double the usual distance at a stretch,1 doing a hundred li in order to wrest an advantage, the leaders of all your three divisions will fall into the hands of the enemy.

The stronger men will be in front, the jaded ones will fall behind, and on this plan only one-tenth of your army will reach its destination.2

1. The ordinary day's march, according to Tu Mu, was 30 li; but on one occasion, when pursuing Liu Pei, Ts`ao Ts`ao is said to have covered the incredible distance of 300 li within twenty-four hours.

2. The moral is, as Ts`ao Kung and others point out: Don't march a hundred li to gain a tactical advantage, either with or without impedimenta. Maneuvers of this description should be confined to short distances. Stonewall Jackson said: "The hardships of forced marches are often more painful than the dangers of battle." He did not often call upon his troops for extraordinary exertions. It was only when he intended a surprise, or when a rapid retreat was imperative, that he sacrificed everything for speed. [See Col. Henderson, op. cit. vol. I. p. 426.]

Giles VII.7,8.

Veillez, lorsque vous abandonnez votre camp dans l'espoir d'un avantage probable, à ce que celui-ci soit supérieur aux approvisionnements que vous abandonnez sûrement. Si vous devez aller un peu loin, marchez jour et nuit ; faites le double du chemin ordinaire ; que l'élite de vos troupes soit à la tête ; mettez les plus faibles à la queue. Prévoyez tout, disposez tout, et fondez sur l'ennemi lorsqu'il vous croit encore à cent lieues d'éloignement : dans ce cas, je vous annonce la victoire.

Amiot

Sun Zi VII. 6.